With the recent spell of hot weather, I’m sure that keeping our pets cool and safe has been at the forefront of many owners’ minds. Heat can pose a serious risk to animals, so I thought it would be useful to look a little more closely at heatstroke, how to recognise it, what to do if it happens, and some practical ways to help our pets stay comfortable during the warmer months.

Over the past few years there has been some worrying misinformation circulating on social media about how to treat heatstroke in dogs. As this is a genuine veterinary emergency, it is worth revisiting the facts, because taking the correct action quickly can save a pet’s life.

Of course, prevention is always better than cure. Most of us are familiar with the message, but it bears repeating: never leave a dog in a car on a warm or hot day, even with the windows open and even if you think you will only be gone for a few minutes. Temperatures inside a vehicle can rise dramatically in a very short period of time, turning it into a potentially fatal environment.

It is also important to remember that dogs do not necessarily need their usual walk when temperatures soar. Missing a walk for a day or two is far safer than risking heatstroke. Instead, consider a short outing very early in the morning or later in the evening when the air is cooler. A useful rule of thumb is to place the back of your hand on the pavement for several seconds. If it feels too hot for your hand, it is too hot for your dog’s paws.

Some dogs are at significantly greater risk than others. Brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds such as French Bulldogs, Pugs and Bulldogs are particularly susceptible because their shortened skull shape results in narrowed airways. Dogs regulate their body temperature primarily through panting, and these breeds are less efficient at cooling themselves down. Older dogs, overweight dogs, very young puppies, and those with heart or respiratory conditions are also more vulnerable to heat-related illness.

Signs and symptoms

Recognising the signs of heatstroke is crucial. Early symptoms may include excessive panting, drooling, restlessness and seeking shade. As the condition progresses, affected animals may become lethargic, weak, confused or unsteady on their feet. They may stumble, vomit, develop diarrhoea, collapse, or even lose consciousness. Heatstroke can cause damage to multiple organs and can quickly become life-threatening.

If you suspect heatstroke, remember the simple phrase: “Wet then Vet.”

What to do

The priority is to start cooling the animal immediately. Thoroughly wet the dog with water, either by pouring water over them, using a hose, or immersing them if practical. Ensure that their head is supported and protected, particularly if they appear weak or at risk of collapsing. Contrary to some outdated advice, cold water is safe to use and current research shows that it does not cause shock. Rapid cooling is vital and should begin as soon as possible.

Once cooling has started, contact your veterinary practice immediately so they know you are on your way. Continue the cooling process during transport if possible and ensure the vehicle is well ventilated or air-conditioned. One important point to remember is that covering a dog with a wet towel is not recommended. Although it may seem helpful, the towel can quickly warm up and act as insulation, trapping heat against the body rather than allowing it to escape.

Prevention

There are plenty of ways to help keep pets cool and comfortable during hot weather. Access to fresh drinking water is essential, and providing multiple water bowls around the house and garden can encourage animals to drink more frequently. Paddling pools can be a fantastic way for dogs to cool down and many enjoy splashing about on a warm day. Cooling mats and cooling jackets can also be useful, although jackets should be removed once they are no longer cool, as they can otherwise trap heat.

Fans can improve airflow, particularly indoors, and many pets appreciate lying near them. Frozen treats, ice cubes added to water bowls, or pet-safe frozen snacks can provide additional relief. Offering enrichment activities that do not involve strenuous exercise, such as scent games indoors, can help keep dogs occupied without risking overheating. Juniper is demonstrating some of these cooling methods in the accompanying photographs.

Cats are generally more adept at self-regulating their temperature than dogs and will often seek out cool, shaded places to spend the hottest parts of the day. Nevertheless, they still require access to plenty of fresh water. Multiple water stations around the home can be particularly beneficial, especially for older cats or those with kidney disease, who may already have increased thirst requirements. Some cats also enjoy drinking from pet water fountains, which can encourage better hydration.

We should not forget our smaller pets either. Rabbits and guinea pigs are especially susceptible to heat stress and can become seriously ill if temperatures rise too high. Hutches and runs should always be positioned in shaded areas with good airflow and never in direct sunlight. Plenty of fresh water should always be available, and rinsing leafy greens before feeding can help increase water intake. As you can see, Brandy Butter is particularly fond of slices of cucumber straight from the fridge, which can make a refreshing treat on a warm day.

During very hot weather, frozen water bottles wrapped in a towel can be placed in hutches or runs, allowing rabbits and guinea pigs to lie next to them if they wish. As you can see, Brandy Butter is particularly fond of slices of cucumber straight from the fridge, which can make a refreshing treat on a warm day.

While we often focus on dogs and cats, other species can also struggle in the heat. Birds, reptiles and other small mammals all have specific temperature requirements, so owners should ensure enclosures are appropriately ventilated and protected from excessive heat and direct sunlight.

By recognising the risks, knowing the signs of heatstroke and acting quickly if problems arise, we can help ensure that all our furry companions stay safe, healthy and comfortable throughout the warmer weather.

As ever, if you are concerned your pet and need some advice, please call us on 01749 343 955.